Unit 1: Python Basics

Syntax

  • Keywords
  • Indentation
  • Comments
  • Statements
  • Multi-line Statements

Variables

  • Variable declaration
  • Variable assignment
  • Naming Conventions
  • Scope (Local, Global)
  • Data Types (int, float, str, bool, None)
  • Type conversion
  • Type hints
  • Constants

Operators

  • Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %, **, //)
  • Comparison (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=)
  • Logical (and, or, not)
  • Assignment (=, +=, -=, =, /=, %=, //=, *=)
  • Bitwise (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>)
  • Identity (is, is not)
  • Membership (in, not in)

Control Structures

  • Conditional (if, elif, else)
  • Loops (for, while)
  • Break/Continue/Pass
  • Nested Loops
  • Assertions
  • Exception Handling (try, except, finally, raise)

Input/Output

  • Input (input())
  • Output (print())
  • File I/O (open(), read(), write(), close())
  • Context Managers (with statement)
  • print()

Functions

  • Function Definition (def)
  • Function Parameters (Positional, Keyword, Default, Arbitrary)
  • Return Values
  • Lambda Functions
  • Anonymous Functions
  • Recursive Functions

Modules and Packages

  • Importing Modules (import, from ... import ...)
  • Module Attributes and Methods
  • Creating Packages
  • Installing Packages (pip)
  • Virtual Environments (venv)

Unit 2: Python Functions and Libraries

Functions

  • Scope (Local, Global, Nonlocal)
  • Closures
  • Decorators
  • Generators
  • Generator Expressions
  • Higher-order Functions (map, filter, reduce)

Standard Libraries

  • math
  • random
  • datetime
  • os
  • sys
  • re (Regular Expressions)
  • collections (Deque, Counter, DefaultDict)
  • itertools
  • functools
  • functools.lru_cache
  • functools.partial

    External Libraries

  • NumPy
  • Pandas
  • Matplotlib
  • SciPy
  • Scikit-learn
  • TensorFlow/Keras
  • PyTorch
  • Flask
  • Django
  • Requests
  • BeautifulSoup
  • SQLAlchemy
  • PyPDF2
  • OpenCV
  • NLTK
  • Selenium
  • Pygame

Unit 3: Data Structures in Python

Lists

  • List Creation
  • Indexing/Slicing
  • Methods (append, extend, insert, remove, pop, sort, reverse)
  • List Comprehensions
  • List Iteration
  • Accessing elements
  • List operations (append, extend, insert, remove, pop, clear)
  • List slicing
  • List methods (sort, reverse, copy)

Tuples

  • Tuple creation
  • Accessing elements
  • Tuple unpacking
  • Immutable nature
  • Tuple methods (count, index)
  • Packing/Unpacking

Dictionaries

  • Key-Value Pairs
  • Dictionary creation
  • Accessing elements
  • Dictionary operations (update, get, keys, values, items)
  • Dictionary methods (fromkeys, setdefault, popitem)
  • Dictionary comprehension
  • Nested dictionaries
  • Accessing Values
  • Methods (keys, values, items, get, update, pop)
  • Dictionary Comprehensions

Sets

  • Unordered & Unique Elements
  • Operations (union, intersection, difference, symmetric_difference)
  • Methods (add, remove, discard, clear)
  • Frozen Sets
  • Set creation
  • Set operations (union, intersection, difference, symmetric_difference)
  • Set methods (add, remove, discard, pop, clear)
  • Set comprehension

Strings

  • Concatenation
  • Slicing
  • Methods (split, join, replace, find, lower, upper)
  • Formatting (F-Strings, format)

Other Collections

  • Named Tuples
  • Deques (from collections module)

Unit 4: Algorithms in Python

Problem-Solving Approaches

  • Abstraction
  • Decomposition
  • Pattern Recognition
  • Debugging
  • Iteration
  • Recursion
  • Simulation

Sorting Algorithms

  • Bubble Sort
  • Selection Sort
  • Insertion Sort
  • Merge Sort
  • Quick Sort
  • Heap Sort

Searching Algorithms

  • Linear Search
  • Binary Search
  • Hashing

Graph Algorithms

  • BFS (Breadth-First Search)
  • DFS (Depth-First Search)
  • Dijkstra’s Algorithm
  • Kruskal’s Algorithm
  • Prim’s Algorithm
  • Floyd-Warshall
  • Bellman-Ford
  • A* (Pathfinding)
  • Topological Sorting
  • Graph traversal (BFS, DFS)
  • Shortest path algorithms (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford)
  • Minimum spanning tree (Kruskal, Prim)
  • Network flow (Ford-Fulkerson, Edmonds-Karp)

    Dynamic Programming

  • Memoization
  • Tabulation
  • Classic Problems (Knapsack, LCS, LIS)
  • Bitmask DP

    Algorithm Analysis

  • Time complexity (Big-O, Omega, Theta)
  • Space complexity
  • Tradeoffs
  • Scalability
  • Optimization

    Dynamic Programming

  • Memoization
  • Tabulation
  • Classic Problems (Knapsack, LCS, LIS)
  • Bitmask DP

String Algorithms

  • Substring Search (KMP, Boyer-Moore, Rabin-Karp)
  • Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)
  • Edit Distance (Levenshtein Distance)

Algorithm Analysis

  • Time Complexity (Big-O, Omega, Theta)
  • Space Complexity
  • Tradeoffs
  • Scalability
  • Optimization

Unit 5: Advanced Python and Integration

Advanced Concepts

  • Classes
  • Inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical)
  • Polymorphism
  • Encapsulation
  • Abstraction
  • Interfaces
  • Abstract Base Classes (ABC)
  • Properties
  • Class Methods
  • Static Methods
  • Special (Magic) Methods
  • Iterators
  • Generators
  • Decorators
  • Context Managers
  • Metaclasses
  • Type Hints

    Classes and Objects

  • Class Definition
  • Object Creation
  • Attributes
  • Methods
  • Constructors (__init__)
  • Destructors (__del__)
  • Object Creation
  • Attributes
  • Methods
  • Constructors (__init__)
  • Destructors (__del__)

Inheritance

  • Single Inheritance
  • Multiple Inheritance
  • Method Overriding
  • Polymorphism

Decorators

  • Function Decorators
  • Class Decorators
  • Built-in Decorators (@staticmethod, @classmethod, @property)

Generators

  • Yield Keyword
  • Generator Expressions
  • Iterators vs Generators

Context Managers

  • with Statement
  • Custom Context Managers

    Error Handling

  • Exceptions (try, except, finally)
  • Custom Exceptions

Python Libraries

  • NumPy (Array Manipulation, Linear Algebra)
  • Pandas (Data Manipulation, Data Analysis)
  • Matplotlib (Data Visualization)
  • SciPy (Scientific Computing)
  • Scikit-learn (Machine Learning)
  • TensorFlow/Keras (Deep Learning)
  • PyTorch (Deep Learning)
  • Flask (Web Development)
  • Django (Web Development)
  • Requests (HTTP Requests)
  • BeautifulSoup (Web Scraping)
  • SQLAlchemy (Database Interaction)
  • PyPDF2 (PDF Manipulation)
  • OpenCV (Computer Vision)
  • NLTK (Natural Language Processing)
  • Selenium (Web Automation)
  • Pygame (Game Development)

    Data Analysis

  • pandas (DataFrames, Series)
  • numpy (Arrays, Matrices)
  • scipy (Scientific Computing)

Machine Learning

  • scikit-learn (Classification, Regression, Clustering)
  • tensorflow (Deep Learning)
  • keras (High-Level API for Neural Networks)

Web Development

  • flask (Microframework)
  • django (Full-Stack Framework)
  • APIs (requests, fastapi)

Visualization

  • matplotlib (Plots, Charts)
  • seaborn (Statistical Graphics)
  • plotly (Interactive Visualizations)

8. Miscellaneous Terms

File Handling

  • Modes (r, w, a, rb, wb)
  • Reading/Writing Files
  • File Paths

Modules and Packages

  • Creating Modules
  • Organizing Code into Packages
  • Importing from Packages

Virtual Environments

  • venv
  • Isolating Dependencies

Testing

  • Unit Testing (unittest, pytest)
  • Test-Driven Development (TDD)

Version Control

  • Git Basics
  • Branching/Merging
  • Collaboration

Integration of Python with Excel

Automating Excel Tasks

  • Reading/Writing Excel Files (openpyxl, xlsxwriter, pandas)
  • Manipulating Cells and Sheets
  • Formatting Data
  • Generating Reports

Excel Libraries

  • openpyxl
  • xlsxwriter
  • pandas (Excel I/O)

Real-World Applications

  • Data Cleaning
  • Report Generation
  • Automation Scripts
  • Reading/Writing Excel Files (openpyxl, xlsxwriter, pandas)
  • Manipulating Cells and Sheets
  • Formatting Data
  • Generating Reports
  • Excel Libraries
    • openpyxl
    • xlsxwriter
    • pandas.ExcelWriter
    • pyxlsb (Binary Excel Files)
    • xlrd (Reading Excel Files)
    • xlwt (Writing Excel Files)
    • xlutils (Manipulating Excel Files)
    • win32com.client (COM Automation)
    • pywin32 (Windows API Access)

Miscellaneous Terms

File Handling

  • Modes (r, w, a, rb, wb)
  • Reading/Writing Files
  • File Paths

Modules and Packages

  • Creating Modules
  • Organizing Code into Packages
  • Importing from Packages

Virtual Environments

  • venv
  • Isolating Dependencies

Testing

  • Unit Testing (unittest, pytest)
  • Test-Driven Development (TDD)
  • Mocking

Version Control

  • Git
  • GitHub
  • Branching/Merging
  • Collaboration

Additional Key Concepts

Concepts

  • Memory Management
  • Garbage Collection
  • Reference counting
  • Smart pointers
  • Mutable vs Immutable
  • Shallow vs Deep Copy

Best Practices

  • Code Readability
  • Documentation
  • Modular Design
  • Optimization Techniques
  • PEP-8

Debugging Tools

  • pdb (Python Debugger)
  • Logging (logging module)
  • Profiling (cProfile)
  • Breakpoints